RINGO-AUFLÖSUNGSRICHTLINIE

Purpose

Ringo is an application that lets two people take opposing positions on whether a claim will happen. One user (the “challenger”) makes a statement and commits funds to it, while the other takes the opposite side (the “challenged”). Once both positions are in place, the statement is submitted to and becomes a “Ringo”. Reality.eth resolves the statement, and jurors may be assigned to decide the correct outcome.

This Resolution Policy sets out the principles and rules jurors must follow when asked to determine the correct answer to Ringos.

Rules

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In the event of any direct logical conflict between this policy and a condition or another document referenced in the Ringo, the latter shall supersede the current policy (with the exception of the rule n°4 about prohibitive Ringos).

Definitions

Example: @Alice tags @Bob on x.com and @joinringo, posting “I challenge…”. That moment is the Creation Date. If @Bob accepts, the Ringo is published on Reality.eth, marking the Generation Date.

Answered Too Soon

The following Ringos must resolve as “ANSWERED TOO SOON”:​

1.​ Early Answers: If the outcome of the challenge is not known by the time the first answer is submitted but there is a reasonable expectation that the answer will be known in the future.

Valid: “ETH will be above $5,000 on December 31, 2025.” By Jan 1, 2026, the full trading data for Dec 31 is available, so the result is known.

Answered too Soon:If a vote was submitted on December 29, 2025, the resolution date hasn’t arrived yet, so the outcome isn’t knowable.

Answered too soon: ​“Argentina will win the football World Cup 2022 final” and the answer “Yes” was provided at 16:35 UTC of the final’s date. However, due to a tie at the end of regular play (90 minutes), the match was extended by an additional 30 minutes. Therefore, even though Argentina eventually won the match, the outcome was not yet known when the answer was submitted.

Invalid Statements

The following questions must resolve as “INVALID”:

2.​ Moral questions: Ringos about moral values and not facts.

Valid: “By 01/01/2026, at least 5 more countries will have banned the sale of cosmetic products tested on animals.”

Invalid: “Eating meat is unethical”

3.​ Invalid Ringos: Ringos in which none of the answers is more reasonable than the other.

Invalid: “Donald Biden will win the 2020 US presidential election” (Could be referred to Donald Trump or Joe Biden, both interpretations are equally reasonable than the other without more context)

4.​ Prohibited Ringos: Ringos promoting violence, immorality, or any conduct that goes

against Ringo’s community guidelines.

Invalid: “Exchange X will suffer a security breach on 01/12/2026.” (Someone could attempt to hack the exchange to force the outcome.)​

Invalid: “Donald Trump will be alive on 01/12/2026” (Any Ringo tied directly to someone’s life creates legal and ethical risks, because it could be interpreted as encouraging people to act to affect that outcome.)

Invalid: “Hera will be a victim of swatting in 2025” (Anyone could falsely call the emergency services on him in order to win the prediction.)

Community Guidelines:

All Ringos must avoid the following:

This must not prevent Ringos:​

Valid:​ “1 million people will die from COVID19 in 2024.” (Viruses don’t use Ringo).

Valid:​ “Donald Trump will win the 2020 US presidential election.” (The main source of uncertainty is the official vote count, not harmful interference by participants attempting to influence the outcome.)

5.​ Standard time: All dates default to UTC with the 24h clock.

Example: “Ethereum 2.0 will launch before 2026-01-01” will be interpreted as “Ethereum 2.0 will launch before 2026-01-01 00:00 UTC

6.​ Date format: Dates not using the YYYY-MM-DD or YYYY/MM/DD format, but using “/” or “-”, are assumed to be written in the DD/MM/YYYY or DD/MM/YY format, unless the

context of the Ringo clearly suggests otherwise. In case centuries are omitted (DD/MM/YY), centuries are assumed to be the same as the generation date.

Example: “Ethereum 2.0 will launch before 01/01/30” will be interpreted as “Ethereum 2.0 will launch before the 1st January 2030” (assuming the generation date is in the 21th century).​

Example: "Lai Ching-te will win the presidential election in Taiwan on 13/01/24" will be interpreted as referring to the winner of the Taiwan election on January 13th, 2024, considering that there is no 13th month, and the presidential election in Taiwan is scheduled for that exact date.

7.​ Number format: When using numbers, the symbol “.” is assumed to be a decimal separator and the “,” symbol as a thousand separator, unless the context of the Ringo clearly suggests otherwise.

Example: “The population of Japan will exceed 200.000.000 people by the end of 2030” must be interpreted as 200 million. If we were to interpret “200.000.000” as “200” (considering “.” as a decimal separator), it would imply that we are asking if the population of Japan will exceed 200 people by the end of 2030. Given that Japan is one of the most populous countries in the world, with millions of residents, the correct interpretation is 200 million people.

8.​ Entities: Entities are assumed to reference the most obvious entity with that name, taking the context of the Ringo (generation date included) into account.

Example: “Michael Jordan will receive the 2021 Turing Award” refers to the computer scientist Michael I. Jordan. Whereas “Michael Jordan will score 20 points in the FIBA Americas Championship” refers to Michael J. Jordan, the basketball player.

9.​ Units: In case units are omitted, they are assumed to be the units which are the most often used in this particular situation.

Example: “An NFT will sell for more than one million in 2026.” will be interpreted as “an NFT will sell for more than 1,000,000 USD in 2026”

10.​Relative dates: If a Ringo is created with a relative date, the creation date is used as the reference point, not the date the challenge was accepted.

Example: “The price of ETH will be above 5,000 USD in 6 months.” (Here, “in 6 months” is counted from the date the challenge was created.)

11.​Rounding rule: If no specific rounding method is given, values are to be rounded to the nearest proposed value, unit or range. Unless otherwise stated, roundings are done middle toward 0.

Example: “Joe Biden will receive 51% of the popular vote in the 2020 United States Presidential Election". If Biden received 51.305859559% of the vote, the correct answer is 51% (rounding to the nearest whole percent) and therefore the final answer should be “yes”.

12.​Verification sources: If a Ringo does not specify a source for outcome verification, the following default sources will be used:

Resolving unclear questions

In general, if the Ringo does not break a rule of the Invalid Ringo section, reasonable efforts should be made to determine its answer, even if the Ringo is not 100% technically perfect.

13.​Negative statements: If the Ringo is phrased as a negative statement, jurors must interpret the answer “Yes” to mean that the negative claim is true, and “No” to mean that it is false.

Example: “Apple will not release a new iPhone before December 31, 2025.” If Apple does not release a new iPhone, the correct answer is “Yes” (because the negative claim is true). If Apple does release a new iPhone, the correct answer is “No” (because the negative claim is false).

14.​Objective interpretation: Statements must be interpreted as a reasonable average person would, based only on the content of the Ringo’s statement itself. Jurors must disregard any private or public external context between the challenger and challenged that might change the meaning of the statement.

Example: “Statement: “There will be more than ten thousand deaths caused by Coronavirus in the United States in 2026.”

Context: Before the Ringo was created on X.com, the challenger and challenged discussed “Coronavirus” referring to Coronavirus 229E. A Reality.eth user answered based on the interpretation that the statement referred to COVID-19, since that discussion was not accessible to them or any other Reality.eth users.

Interpretation: Jurors must ignore the x.com discussion and resolve the statement as a reasonable average person would. i.e., interpreting “Coronavirus” as COVID-19.

15.​Grammar If the Ringo contains some grammar or orthographic errors, it should resolve as if it didn’t contain those errors, as long as the meaning of the statement is still clear.

Example: “Donald Treump will win the US presidential election” should resolve in the same manner as “Donald Trump will win the US presidential election”.

16.​Incorrect assumptions: If the Ringo makes an assumption which appears to be incorrect, it should resolve as if this assumption hasn’t been made, as long as the meaning of the statement is still clear.

Example: “Vitalik will tweet about Ringo by Wednesday, July 7, 2024” should resolve in the same manner as “Vitalik will tweet about Ringo by July 7, 2024”, even if July 7, 2024 is actually a Sunday.

Example: “President Kim Jong-un will publicly announce a direct military action against the US before December 31, 2026” should resolve in the same manner as “Kim Jong-un will publicly announce a direct military action against the US before December 31, 2026” even if Kim Jong-un is the supreme leader of North Korea but not its president (the official president of North Korea is Kim Il-sung despite him being dead).

17.​Sources of truth: If a Ringo doesn’t mention a specific source, the most credible outcome must be reported. In order to determine the credibility of an outcome, the quantity of sources and their credibility are to be taken into account. Credibility of sources and of outcomes must be assessed according to facts, not unproven beliefs.

Example: “Extraterrestrial lifeforms will visit planet earth before the end of 2025” will resolve to No, unless a number of credible sources announce it, despite some people reporting having experienced such encounters.

Example: “1,000 people will die of COVID-19 in 2025” should be answered according to numbers reported by renowned health organisations and not according to some public figures claiming COVID-19 to be a hoax.

18.​Equal interpretations: If a Ringo can have different interpretations, but all those interpretations lead to the same answer, this answer must be reported. If no interpretation is clearly more reasonable than the others, the Ringo must be reported as invalid.

Example: “The Czech Social Democratic Party will win the October 2012 Czech elections” Should be reported as “yes”. Even if there were both senatorial and regional elections at the same date and the election the question refers to is ambiguous, the “Czech Social Democratic Party” won both of them.

Example: “The ANO 2011 party will win the October 2015 Czech elections” Should be reported as invalid because “Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party” won the senatorial election but “ANO 2011” won the regional ones.

19.​Timing of events: Events that occur between the Ringo's creation date and the generation date must be considered when resolving the Ringo.

Example: Bob challenges Alice that it won’t rain in Buenos Aires at any time this week. A few hours later, it rains. Alice then, knowing it’s already raining, accepts the Ringo. Jurors should answer “No” (Bob’s statement is false, because it did rain, even if the rain happened before the generation date).

The Ringo Resolution Policy was last updated on 29/09/2025.